Relay



May 17 1949- R. A. GElsELMAN ErAL 2,470,614

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7a 6 o 4 86 a2 l Z 4 f1 ,9? 5. ya edd/Py ay .96 9d 3 96 0 6 4 wlTNEssEs;l 2 mvENToR 5ML/OR Patented May 17, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICERELAY Application April 27, 1944, Serial No. 533,098

7 Claims. (Cl. 200-98) This invention relates generally to relays and inparticular to a regulating relay responsive to reactive kilovoltamperes.

'An object of this invention is to provide a regulating relay which isresponsive to the reactive kilovolt amperes of a system and whichoperates positively and denitely upon a predetermined change in thereactive kilovolt amperes of the system.

Another object oi' this invention is the provi-- sion in a reactivekilovolt ampere regulating relay of a restraining force operative toprevent an operation of the relay prior to a predetermined change in thekilovolt amperes and thereafter to permit a positive and definiteoperation of the relay. i

A further object of this invention is the provision of adjustableweights so associated with a relay as to effect a control of theoperation of Jthe relay.

Other objects of this invention will become apparent from the followingdescription when `this invention;

Fig. 2 is a view of a part of the relay taken along the line II-II ofFig. 1;

- Fig. 3 is a view in elevation of one of the eleinents of the relay ofFig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a vector diagram illustrating a certain condition of operationof the relay and Fig. 5 is another vector diagram illustrating adifferent condition of operation.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing this invention is illustrated byreference to a reactive kilovolt ampere regulating relay I0 which isconnected to a polyphase power circuit represented by the conductors l2,I4 and I6. The relay Ill comprises a contact arm I8 pivotally mounted atan intermediate point on a cross spring pivot 20 Vto a bracket 22 whichis secured to the panel 24. The cross spring pivot 20 is of conventionaldesign being formed of a pair of vertical springs 26 the upper ends ofwhich are secured to an end of the bracket 22 and the lower ends ofwhich are secured to an end of a bracket 28| and a pair of horizontalsprings 30 having one end of each secured to the bracket 28 to which thecontact arm I8 is secured and the other ends secured to the bracket 22.

The contact arm I8 is of conducting material capable of beingmagnetically attracted. As illustrated, the contact arm I8 carries amovable 2 contact member 32 to one side of the pivot, the contact member32 being disposed to be actuated by movement of the contact arm Il intoselective engagement with one or the other of a pair of spacedstationary contact members 34 and 38 which are suitably carried on thepanel 24.

In order to actuate the contact arm I8 about its pivot, electromagnets38 and 40 are provided, the housings 39 and 4I of which are secured tothe panel in any suitable manner. The electromagnets 38 and 40 are ofsimilar construction although the direction of winding the energizingwindings is controlled to obtain a preferred operation of theelectromagnets upon a change in the energlzation thereof. Theelectromagnets 38 and 40 comprise the core members 42 and 44,respectively, connected by the stems 48 and 48, respectively, andsprings 50 and 52, respectively, to studs 54 and 56, respectively,carried by the contact arm I8 on opposite sides of the pivot.

As illustrated diagrammatically the electromagnets 38 and 40 areprovided with voltage windings 58 and 60, respectively, connectedthrough transformer 62 to conductors I2 and I6 and current responsivewindings 64-66 and 68-10, respectively, connected in series circuit butpreferentially wound and connected through current transformer 'l2 toconductor I4. Each of the electromagnets 38 and 40 is of the well knowntype described and claimed in Patent No. 1,565,410 which issued December15, 1925 to C. A. Boddie, it being noted however that the core member 42of electromagnet 38 is wound oppositely to the core member 44 ofelectromagnet 40. Specically the magnetic fluxes of current responsivewindings 64 and 66 are displaced 180 electrical degrees from each otheras are also the current responsive windings 68 and 'I0 while themagnetic uxes of the voltage responsive windings 58 and 80 are normally90 electrical degrees from the flux of the two current responsivewindings associated respectively therewith so as to be leading withrespect to one of the associated current windings and lagging withrespect to the other associated current winding. When wound asillustrated the magnetomotive forces of the operating windings may bebalanced to provide zero torque on the contact arm I8 at unity powerfactor in the polyphase power system when the reactive kilovolt amperesare at a minimum. As the reactive kilovolt amperes in the system becomelagging the core of electromagnet 38 tends to move downwardly and thecore of electromagnet 40 tends to move upwardly to actuate the contactmember 32 into engagement with contactmember 34. On the other hand aslthe reactive kilovolt amperes become leading, the electromagnets 38 and40 tend to actuate the contact member into engagement with contactmember 36.

In order to, control the selective engagement of the contact membersprovision is made .for determining the changes in the reactive kilovoltamperes at which the contact arm I8 is actuated about its pivot. Forthis purpose a pair of weight assemblies 14 and 16 are disposed at theopposite ends of the pivotally mounted contact arm in such a manner asto be free of the contact arm for a neutral position thereof but to beselectively picked up as the contact arm I8 moves about its pivotdepending upon the direction of the movement.

By referring to Figs. 2 and 3 the construction and manner of mountingthe weight assemblies I4 and 'I6 is more clearly illustrated withrespect to the weight assembly 14 of Fig. 1. As illustrated a clevis 'I8is mounted on the panel 24 in any suitable manner. A block 80 isdisposed with an end seated against the base of the clevis 18 forsliding movement between the arms thereof as the screw 82, whichprojects loosely through the arms of the clevis and in threadedengagement through the block, is turned. The block 80 is slotted nearits other end for receiving a weight stem 84, a lpin 86'being disposedin the 'end of the block to project across the slot for providing a seatfor the stem 84.

As more clearly shown in Fig. 3 the weight stem 84 is provided with aflattened rectangular portion 88 having spaced oblong cutout sections 90and 92 therein. The cutout section 92 has an open side for fitting overthe pin 86 as the stem is mounted in the slot of block 80. The lowerportion 94 of the stem 84 is cylindrical terminating with a washer 96upon which circular or other shaped and slotted weight discs 98 may beseated. When the stem 84 is assembled to seat on the pin 86, the upperend of the rectangular portion 88 fits-into a slot in the end of thecontact arm I8 in such a manner that the pin projecting therethroughprojects through the cutout section 90. By adjusting the position ofblock 80 in the clevis I8 the stem 84 is so positioned that for abalanced or neutral position of the contact arm I8 the upper and loweredges of cutout section 90 are spaced from the pin |00. In practice theblock 80 is so adjusted that the upper edge of cutout section 90 isspaced a slight distance from the pin |00 whereby the stem will bepicked up by a small movement of the contact arm I8 in the clockwisedirection.

The construction and mounting of the weight assembly I6 at the other endof the contact arm I8 is similar to that of weight assembly 14, theweight stem |02 carrying weight discs 98 being l disposed to be pickedup by a pin |03 by a counterclockwise movement 'of the contact arm I8about its pivot and moved upwardly from the pin |04 in the block |06which is adjustably mounted in the clevis |08. By adjusting the weightdiscs 98 on the stems 84 and |02, control of the torque necessary foreffecting a movement of the contact arm I8 to effect a selectiveengagement of the contact members can be readily obtained. As theenergizing force is created by the reactive kilovolt amperes in thepower system, the chan-ge in the reactive kilovolt amperes necessary foreffecting a movement of the contact arm I8 is determined by the weightdiscs loaded on the stems. This can readily be appreciated by referenceto Fig. 4 of the drawing in which a vector showing is made to representthe tance without picking up either of the weight stems 84 and |02 and alimited distance thereafter without effecting an engagement of themovable contact member 32 with either of the stationary contact members34 or 38.

If a lag-ging current 0 3 is encountered a torque is built up to effecta counterclockwise movement of the contact arm I8 to a position wherethe pin |03 picks up the weight stem I 02 as the current approaches thevalue 0 3. As the current increases to the full value 0 3, sufficienttorque is developed to lift the weight stem |02 and the contact arm I8is rotated in a direction towards contact member 34. The value of thein-phase current 0 4 at which such an operation is eiected is determinedby the, number of weight discs 98 carried on the weight stem |02.

Likewise if a leading current 0 5 is encountered a torque is built up toeffect a clockwise movement of the contact arm I8 to a position wherepin |00 picks up the weight stem 84 as the current approaches the value0 5. As the current increases to the full value 0 5, suilcient torque isdeveloped to lift the weight stem 84 and the contact arm I8 is rotatedin a direction towards contact member 36. The value of the out-of-phasecurrent 0 6 at which such an operation is effected is determined by thenumbgr of weight disc 98 carried on the weight stem 8 In order toprovide a positive and accelerated switching operation when sufficienttorque is developed by a change in the reactive kilovolt amperes orpower factor to actuate the contact arm I8 to pick up either weight stem84 or |02, a pair of permanent magnets IIO and |I2 are disposed adjacentthe opposite ends of the contact arm I8. Each of the permanent magnets|I0 and I|2 is mounted on the panel 24 as shown in Fig. 2 in which themagnet |I0 is secured to a block II4 by the screw II6 and washer |I8,the block I I4 being of non-magnetizable material and being carried onthe panel in any suitable manner. The permanent magnets IIO and I|2 areso positioned that for a neutral position of the contact arm I8 theyhave an equalized magnet pull on the arm I8.

When suicient torque is developed, as by reason of the lagging current 03, to lift the weight stem I 02 and rotate the contact arm I8 in acounterclockwise direction, the permanent magnet Ilz applies anincreasing torque to the arm I8 while the torque of permanent magnet IIOdecreases, to effect a positive and accelerated movement of the contactmember 32 into engagement with the contact member 34. With the weights98 so adjusted that the contact arm i8 is operated upon the occurrenceof an in-phase current 0 4 it is apparent that in any case where thepower factor or phase angle of the system is changed in the laggingdirection any current that intersects the determining line 3 4 aardenwill produce torque sumcient to effect the operation oi' the contact armIl to pick up the weight stem |02 and move the contact member l2 intoengagement with contact member 34.

Likewise by adjusting the weights 90 carried by the stem I4 a change inthe leading out-ofphase current can be determined at which the contactmember l2 is positively actuated into engagement with contact member Il.As represented in Fig. 4 where the power factor or phase angle ot thesystem is changed in the leading direction any current that intersectsthe determining line 0--4 will produce suilicient torque to actuate thecontact member 32 into engagement with contact member 36. Thus thevertical lines 3-4 and 5 4 of the embodiment just described. deilne therespective limits at which the contact members are actuated intoengagement.

In certain applications it ls desirable to have the contactmembersengage Within certain limits of leading or lagging current. Forthis purpose stems and |22 are disposed on the contact arm I8 onopposite sides of and equally spaced from the pivot 20 therefore. Thestems |20 and |22 are disposed to receive weight discs or washers |24,illustrated in the embodiment shown as applied only to stem |22, forcontrolling the quadrature in which the limits are to be established.

With the weight washer |24 disposed on the stem |22 an adjustment ismade of the number of discs 90 carried on the stem |02 so that the sametorque or current intersecting line 3-4 will actuate the contact member32 into engagement with contact member 34. However as the washer |24 isthen always carried by contact arm I8 it is apparent that the torquenecessary to maintain the arm i8 in a neutral position and prevent theweight of the washer |24 from effecting an operation to effect theengagement of contact members 32 and 36 will necessarily be changed.Thus by adding and varying the weight |24 the limiting line 5-6 of Fig.4 can be changed from the leading quadrature to the lagging quadratureas illustrated in Fig. 5. The addition of washer |24 thus not onlychanges the quadrature in which contact members 32 and are actuated intoengagement but also narrows the limits represented by the distance 4--6in which the relay operates to eiect a controlling switching operation.

'r If the weight washer |24 is added to stem |20 instead of stem |24 asimilar but opposite change will be effected in that the limits for theoperation of the relay can be established in the leading quadratureinstead of the lagging..

While the relay I0 of this invention has been described withoutreference to any control sys'` t'em for' correcting the leading orlagging reactive kilovolt amperes of the system I2, I4 and l0 it will beunderstood that it can be applied to many different control systems. Onesuch system in which the relay of this invention is operative upon apredetermined change in the reactive kllovolt amperes o'f the powersystem to eiect a control operation to correct for such reactivekllovolt amperes is described and claimed in our copending applicationSerial No. 533,097', il'led April 27, 1944 which issued as Patent2,451,- 939 on October 19, 1948.

'I'he relay of this invention is sensitive and fast in operation and canreadily be adjusted to give a wide variety of operating conditions orpredetermined limitations of operation. Further by employing thedifferential action of the per- 6 manent magnets, increased sensitivityis obtained as well as a quick make and break of the contact membersthereby reducing burning of the contact members. K

While this invention has been described with reference to a particularembodiment thereof it is of course not to be limited except in so far asis necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.

We claim as our invention:

l. In a relay, in combination. a pair of spaced stationary contactmembers, a movable contact member, a contact arm for carrying themovable contact member. a pivot for mounting the contact arm, a pair oi'electromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive winding on the core member, the pair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings on the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositely energized to the energization of the corresponding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionally varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact arm to move the movable contact into selec- 'tive engagementwith the stationary contact members, and a pair of weight means disposedto be selectively carried by the contact arm under predeterminedoperating conditions to cooperate with the energization of the windingsto Contact member, a pivot for mounting the conv tact arm, a pair ofelectromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive winding on the core member, the pair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings on the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositely energized to the energization of the corresponding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionally varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact -arm to move the movable contact into selective engagement withthe stationary contact members, a pair of weight means disposed to beselectively carried by the contact arm under predetermined operatingconditions to cooperate with the enerweight means is carried by thecontact arm toi eifect a positive accelerated action in the selectiveengagement of the contact members.

3. In a relay, in combination, a pair of spaced stationary contactmembers. a movable contact member, a contact arm for carrying themovable contact member, a pivot for mounting the contact arm, a pair ofelectromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a 'pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive winding on the core member, the pair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings `on the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositely energized to the energization of the corresponding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionallyA varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact arm to move the `movable contact into selective engagement withthe stationary contact members, and a pair of weights positioned inspaced relation to one another in the path of movement of the pivotallymounted contact arm, the weights being disposed to be selectivelycarried by the contact arm depending upon the direction of movementthereof about the pivot, the weights cooperating with the energizationof the windings to control the selective engagement of the contactmembers.

4. In a relay, in combination, a pair of spaced stationary contactmembers, a movable contact member, a contact arm for carrying themovable contact member, a pivot for mounting the contact arm, a pair ofelectromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive winding on the core member, the pair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings on the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositelyV energized to the energization of the corresponding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionally varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact arm to move the movable contact into selective engagement withthe stationary contact members, a pair of weights positioned in spacedrelation to one another in the path of movement of the pivotally mountedcontact arm, the weights being disposed to be selectively carried by thecontact arm depending upon the direction of movement thereof about thepivot, the weights cooperating with the energization of the windings tocontrol the selective engagement of the contact members, and magneticmeans associated with the contact arm effective when a weight is carriedby the contact arm to effect a positive accelerated action in theselective engagement of the contact members.

5. In a relay, in combination, a pair of spaced stationary contactmembers, a movable contact member, a contact arm for carrying themovable contact member, a pivot for mounting the contact arm, a pair ofelectromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive winding on the core member, the pair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings on the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositely energized to the energization of the corresponding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionally varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact arm to move the movable contact into selective engagement withthe stationary contact members, a pair of weights positioned in spacedrelation to one another in the path of movement of the pivotally mountedcontact arm, the weights being disposed to be selectively carried by thecontact arm depending upon the direction of movement thereof about thepivot, and another weight disposed to be carried by the contact armthroughout the pivotal movement thereof, the pair of weights and saidanother weight cooperating with the energization of the windings tocontrol the operating conditions under which the contact arm is actuatedto eifect the selective engagement of the contact members.

6. In a relay, in combination, a pair of spaced stationary contactmembers, a movable contact member, a contact arm for carrying themovable contact member, a pivot for mounting the contact arm, a pair ofelectromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive winding on the core member, the vpair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings on the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositely energized to the energization of the cor responding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionally varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact arm to move the movable contact into selective engagement withthe stationary contact members, a pair of Weights positioned in spacedrelation to one another in the path of movement of the pivotally mountedcontact arm, the weights being disposed to be selectively carried by thecontact arm depending upon the direction of movement thereof about thepivot, another weight disposed to be carried by the contact armthroughout the pivotal movement thereof, the pair of weights and saidanother weight cooperating with the energization of the windings tocontrol the operating conditions under which the contact arm is actuatedto effect the selective engagementof the contact members, and magneticmeans associated with the contact arm effective when one of the pair ofweights is carried by the contact arm to eiect a positive acceleratedaction in the selective engagement of the contact members.

' '7. In a relay, in combination, a' pair of spaced stationary contactmembers, a movable contact member, a contact arm for carrying themovable contact member, a pivot for mounting the contact arm, a, pair ofelectromagnets disposed in spaced relation on opposite sides of thepivot to actuate the contact member, each of the electromagnets having acore member, a voltage responsive winding and a pair of currentresponsive windings symmetrically placed with respect to the voltageresponsive windinglon the core member, the pair of current responsivewindings being connected in series but being oppositely wound, thewindings on -the one core member being so proportioned that whenoppositely energized to the energization of the corresponding windingson the other core member the core members are simultaneouslypositionally varied in opposite directions to thereby actuate thecontact arm to move the movable contact into selective engagement withthe stationary contact members, a pair of adjustable weights positionedin spaced relation to one another in the path of movement oi.' thepivotally mounted contact arm, the weights being disposed to beselectively carried by the contact arm depending upon the direction ofmovement thereof about the pivot, the weights cooperating with theenergization of the windings to control the selective engagement of thecontact members, and magnetic means associated with the contact armeffective when a weight is 10 carried by the contact arm to eiiect aPositive accelerated action in the selective engagement of the contactmembers.

RALPH A. GEISELMAN. WILLIAM H. CUTTING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the iile Aofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

